Parçacık Listesi

Kuarklar

• Yukarı
• Aşağı
• Garip
• Tılsım
• Alt
• Üst

Leptonlar

• Elektron ve Pozitron
• Elektron nötrino ve Elektron antinötrino
• Muon ve Antimuon
• Muon neutrino ve Muon antineutrino
• Tau lepton ve Antitauon
• Tau neutrino ve Tau antineutrino

Bozon (tamsayı spin)

Kuramsal Parçacıklar

• fotino (spin-½) fotonun süpereşidir.
• gluino (spin-½) gluonun süpereşidir.
• gravitino (spin-³a„₂) süper yerçekimi kuramı yer alan gravitonun süpereşi.
• neutralino (spin-½) birkaç nötr Standart model parçacığının süpereşinin süperkonumu. Karanlık madde için başı çeken adaydır. Yüklü bozonların eşlerine chargino ismi verilir.
• Steril nötrinolar Standart Modele birçok eklenti ile gelmiştir ve LSND sonuçlarını açıklamak için gerekli olabilir.
• Sleptonlar ve Skuarklar (spin-0) Standart Modeldeki fermionların süpersimetrik eşleridir.

• The Higgs (spin-0) has been proposed to explain the origin of mass by the spontaneous symmetry breaking of the SU(2) gauge symmetry.
• The graviton (spin-2) has been proposed to mediate gravity in theories of quantum gravity.
• The graviscalar (spin-0) and graviphoton (spin-1).
• The axion (spin-0) is a pseudoscalar particle introduced in Peccei-Quinn theory to solve the strong-CP problem.
• The axino and saxion form together with the axion a supermultiplet in supersymmetric extensions of Peccei-Quinn theory.
• The branon is predicted in brane world models.
• The X and Y bosons are predicted by GUT theories to be heavier equivalents of the W and Z.
• The magnetic photon.
• The Majoron is predicted to understand neutrino masses by the seesaw mechanism.

Bileşik parçacıklar

Hadron

• Composite fermions, in which case they are called baryons.
• Composite bosons, in which case they are called mesons.

Baryonlar (fermion)

• Nucleons are the fermionic constituents of normal atomic nuclei:
• Protons, composed of two up and one down quark (uud)
• Neutrons, composed of two down and one up quark (ddu)
• Hyperons, such as the Λ, Σ, Ξ, and Ω particles, which contain one or more strange quarks, are short-lived and heavier than nucleons. Although not normally present in atomic nuclei, they can appear in short-lived hypernuclei.
• A number of charmed and bottom baryons have also been observed.

• Pentaquarks consist of four valence quarks and one valence antiquark.

Mezonlar (bozon)

• Tetraquarks consist of two valence quarks and two valence antiquarks.
• Glueballs are bound states of gluons with no valence quarks.
• Hybrids consist of one or more valence quark-antiquark pairs and one or more real gluons.

Atom çekirdeği

Atomlar

Moleküller

Condensed matter

• Phonons are vibrational modes in a crystal lattice.
• Excitons are bound states of an electron and a hole.
• Plasmons are coherent excitations of a plasma.
• Polaritons are mixtures of photons with other quasi-particles.
• Polarons are moving, charged (quasi-) particles that are surrounded by ions in a material.
• Magnons are coherent excitations of electron spins in a material.

Diğer

• A WIMP (weakly interacting massive particle) is any one of a number of particles that might explain dark matter (such as the neutralino or the axion).
• The pomeron, used to explain the elastic scattering of Hadrons and the location of Regge poles in Regge theory.
• The skyrmion, a topological solution of the pion field, used to model the low-energy properties of the nucleon, such as the axial vector current coupling and the mass.
• A goldstone boson is a massless excitation of a field that has been spontaneously broken. The pions are quasi-Goldstone bosons (quasi- because they are not exactly massless) of the broken chiral isospin symmetry of quantum chromodynamics.
• A goldstino is a Goldstone fermion produced by the spontaneous breaking of supersymmetry.
• An instanton is a field configuration which is a local minimum of the Euclidean action. Instantons are used in nonperturbative calculations of tunneling rates.
• A dyon is a hypothetical particle with both electric and magnetic charges
• A geon is an electromagnetic or gravitational wave which is held together in a confined region by the gravitational attraction of its own field energy.
• A UHECR is an ultra-high energy cosmic ray (probably a proton) falling well beyond the GZK cutoff, the energy limit beyond which virtually no cosmic rays should be detected.
• A spurion is the name given to a "particle" inserted mathematically into an isospin-violating decay in order to analyze it as though it conserved isospin.
• An inflaton is the generic name for an unidentified scalar particle responsible for the cosmic inflation.
• A chronon is a proposed quantum of time.

Hıza göre sınıflandırma

• A tardyon or bradyon travels slower than light and has a non-zero rest mass.
• A luxon travels at the speed of light and has no rest mass.
• A tachyon (mentioned above) is a hypothetical particle that travels faster than the speed of light and has an imaginary rest mass.

Ayrıca bakınız

• Fictional elements, isotopes and atomic particles
• Isotope table for a list of isotopes.
• List of compounds for a list of molecules.
• Periodic table for an overview of atoms.
• Standard Model for the current theory of these particles.
• Acceleron

Kaynakça

• cite journal | author=S. Eidelman et al. | title="Review of Particle Physics" | journal=Physics Letters B | year=2004 | volume=592 | pages=1 ``(All information on this list, and more, can be found in the extensive, annually-updated review by the Particle Data Group)``
• Joseph F. Alward, `` Elementary Particles``, Department of Physics, University of the Pacific
• `` Elementary particles``, ``The Columbia Encyclopedia``, Sixth Edition. 2001.

Kaynaklar