Tarihçe ve araştırmalar
Kapadokyaca Bizans Yunancasından türemiştir. 1071`dek` Malazgirt Savaşının ardından Kapadokya Yunanca konuşan dünyadan kopmuş, bölgenin hakim dili Türkçe olmuştu. Bu metinleri anlamlandırmak zor olmuştur çünkü Arapça yazıyla yazılmışlar ve Rumi kendi yazılarında sesli harfleri işaretlememiştir.Bu dil hakkında en eski belgeler, Konya`da yaşamakta olan Mevlana Cellaledin Rumi ve oğlu Sultan Veled`in Türkçe-Farsça karışık yazdığı şiirlerdir.
Çoğu Kapadokyalı, Karamalıca olarak adlandırılan Yunan alfabesiyle yazılan Türkçe kullanıma geçmiştir. Yunanca`nın kullanılmaya devam ettiği yerlerde ise (Sille, Kayseri yakınında köyler, Çamlıca (antik adıyla Pharasa) kenti ve yakınındaki köyler) dil, civarda konuşulan Türkçe`den büyük oranda etkilenmiştir. Ortaçağ Kapadokyacası ve erken Modern Kapadokyaca ile yazılmış yazılı metinler yoktur çünkü bu dilin edebi bir geleneği yoktu, ve hala da yoktur. Kapadokyaca`nın en eski tasvirleri 19. yüzyıldan kalmadır ama genelde pek dikkatli hazırlanmamışlardır.
Kapadokyaca`nın yayımlanmış ilk güvenilir grameri, Oxford University`den Richard MacGillivray Dawkins (1871-1955) tarafından hazırlanmış, onun 1909-1911 yılları arasında yaptığı alan çalışmasına dayalı olan, "Modern Greek in Asia Minor. A study of dialect of Silly, Cappadocia and Pharasa." (``Küçük Asya`da modern Yunanca. Silly, Kapadokya ve Pharasa`nin lehçelerinin bir incelemesi``) adlı eserdir.
Nüfus mübadelesinden sonra birkaç Kapadokyaca lehçesi (Uluağaç, Aravan, Akso ve Anaku) Atina`daki Küçük Asya Araştırma Merkezi (ΚÎντÏον ΜικÏασιατικÏν ΣπουδÏν) araştırmacıları tarafından tarif edilmiş ve bir seri gramer tanımlanmıştır (ancak bütün Kapadokyaca konuşan köyler incelenmemiştir). Çamlıcalı rahip Teodoridis de bazı halk hikayeleri yayımlamıştır.
Yakın yıllarda Kapadokyaca üzerine yağılan araştırmalar tekrar artmıştır. Yakın zamanda Yunanistan`da keşfedilen Kapadokyaca konuşanlar da muhtemelen yeni gramer, sözlük ve ilgili metinlerin de ortaya çıkmasına yol açacaktır.
Dilbilimde Kapadokya Yunancası bir dilin ölümünün ilk belgelenmiş örneklerinden biri olarak sayılır. Ayrıca bir Hint-Avrupa dilinin Hint-Avrupa grubundan olmayan başka bir dilin özelliklerini özümsemesi bakımından da önemli sayılır. Bu özümsemeler özellikle güney-batı Kapadokya`da belirgin olmuştur, sesli uyumu ve fiil-son söz sıralaması kullanımları bunların arasındadır.
Lehçeler
- Northeastern Cappadocian (Sinasos, Potamia plus Delmeso)
- Northwestern Cappadocian (Silata or Zila, Anaku, Flojita, Malakopi)
- Central Cappadocian (Axo; Misti)
- Southwestern Cappadocian (Aravan, Gurzono; Fertek)
- Southeastern Cappadocian (Ulağaç, Semendere)
- Farasiot: dialect of Pharasa town (Develi in Kayseri) and other nearby villages (Afshar-Köy, Çukuri), more closely related to Pontic, though both are the closest relatives of Cappadocian
- Sille
Linkler
Kaynakça
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Rumi and Sultan Veled
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