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Mergeto|Binaural recording|date=September 2007 Holophonics is a form of binaural sound recording using a dummy head recording arrangement which is best heard on headphones. It should not be confused with holophony which is a system of sound recording over the surface of a sphere.
History
Holophonics rose to fame in 1983 with the release of a recording entitled ``Zuccarelli Holophonics (The Matchbox Shaker)`` released in the UK by CBS which consisted entirely of short recordings of sound effects designed to show off the system. These included the shaking matchbox, haircut & blower, bees, balloon, plastic bag, birds, airplanes, fireworks, thunder, racing cars. This specific system was designed and promoted by Argentine Hugo Zuccarelli, though the technique of binaural recording has been around for over 100 years.Zuccarelli came up with a theory that claimed that our ear is a sound emitter, producing a reference sound that combines with incoming sound to form an interference pattern inside the ear. The nature of this pattern is sensitive to the direction of the incoming sound. Our ear`s cochlea detects and analyzes this pattern as if it were an acoustic hologram. The brain then interprets this data and infers the direction of the sound. This was printed in the magazine ``New Scientist`` and was followed by two letters casting doubt on Zuccarelli`s theory and his scientific abilities.Zuccarelli, Hugo; "Ears Hear by Making Sounds," New Scientist, 438-440 1983Baxter, A.J., and Kemp, David T.; "Zuccarelli`s Theory," New Scientist, 606-606 1983
It is unclear whether Zuccarelli himself believed his own explanations or whether they were simply used as marketing hype, intended to distance his product from other common binaural recordings.
Like all binaural recording, Holophonics simply reproduces the interaural differences (arrival time and amplitude between the ears), as well as rudimentary HRTF (head-related transfer functions). This causes the auditory system to hear the illusion of sounds existing from specific directions. Well known limitations of the technique include unreliable effects for some listeners, as well as very poor frontal localization (everything sounds like it`s coming from behind the listener, explaining the narrow choice of demonstrations) Fact|date=August 2007.
Recordings released using Holophonics
- Pink Floyd, "The Final Cut" Harvest/E.M.I, 7243 8 31242 2 0 (1982).Cite book
- Roger Waters, "The Pros and Cons of Hitchhiking", Harvest, CDP 7 46029 2 (1984).
- Psychic TV, "Dreams Less Sweet".Fact|date=June 2007
- Pearl Jam, "Binaural" Epic/Sony EK63665 (2000).Fact|date=June 2007
Examples of Holophonic Sound
- From holophonic.ch: An example of holophonics: you hear someone lighting two matches, first on your right and then your left. You then hear the box of matches shaking all around your head. Listen with headphones. Notice that this demo is from Umberto "Umbi" Maggi, an Italian bass player and sound engineer who also claims to have invented holophonics. It appears that Zuccarelli and Maggi have worked together in Italy in the `80s. Another example from holophonic.ch is the sensual voice of a woman whispering into your ears going from the left to right.
- The Virtual Barbershop, a more recent recording demonstrating multiple sound effects. It is rapidly growing in popularity on the Internet.
- Blowdryer
- Bell
References
reflistLinkler
- Sound Ideas - "What is Holophonic Sound?"
- Sony Virtualphones Technology ; 5.1ch & 7.1ch > to >> (2ch Holophonic) headphone, (Sony Virtualphones) hardware.
- http://stage6.divx.com/videos/search:Holophonic
Sound recording technology
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